Mtengo wogulitsira 100% wamafuta a pomelo peel Wodzaza Mafuta a Pomelo peel

Chipatso cha Citrus grandis L. Osbeck chomwe chimadziwika kuti Pomelo ndi chomera chakummwera kwa Asia, chomwe chimapezeka ku China, Japan, Vietnam, Malaysia, India, ndi Thailand [1,2]. Amakhulupirira kuti ndiye chiyambi choyambirira cha mphesa komanso membala wa banja la Rutaceae. Pomelo, pamodzi ndi mandimu, lalanje, mandarin, ndi manyumwa ndi chimodzi mwa zipatso za citrus zomwe zimalimidwa komanso kudyedwa kwambiri ku Southeast Asia ndi madera ena padziko lapansi [3]. Zipatso za pomelo nthawi zambiri zimadyedwa mwatsopano kapena ngati madzi pomwe ma peel, njere, ndi mbali zina za mmera nthawi zambiri zimatayidwa ngati zinyalala. Magawo osiyanasiyana a chomeracho, kuphatikiza tsamba, zamkati, ndi peel, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala azikhalidwe kwazaka zambiri chifukwa awonetsedwa kuti ali ndi mphamvu zochizira ndipo ndi otetezeka kuti anthu adye [2,4]. Masamba a Citrus grandis ndi mafuta ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala amtundu wa anthu kuchiza matenda a khungu, mutu, ndi kupweteka kwa m'mimba, motsatana. Zipatso za citrus grandis sizimangogwiritsidwa ntchito kudyedwa, mankhwala azitsamba nthawi zambiri amathandizira chifuwa, edema, khunyu, ndi matenda ena ndi peel zipatso kuwonjezera pa kuzigwiritsa ntchito pazodzikongoletsera [5]. Mitundu ya citrus ndiye gwero lalikulu lamafuta ofunikira ndipo mafuta opangidwa kuchokera ku peel ya citrus amakhala ndi fungo lofunikira komanso lotsitsimula. Pakhala kuwonjezeka m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa kufunikira kwamalonda kukukulirakulira. Mafuta ofunikira ndi ma metabolites opangidwa mwachilengedwe kuphatikiza terpenes, sesquiterpenes, terpenoids, ndi mankhwala onunkhira okhala ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a aliphatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, acids, alcohols, phenols, esters, oxides, lactones, ndi ethers [6]. Mafuta ofunikira omwe ali ndi mankhwalawa amadziwika bwino kuti ali ndi antimicrobial ndi antioxidant katundu ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati m'malo mwa zowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe [1,7]. Kafukufuku watsimikizira kuti zigawo zogwira ntchito zomwe zimapezeka mumafuta ofunikira a citrus monga limonene, pinene, ndi terpinolene zimawonetsa mitundu ingapo ya antimicrobials, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity [[8], [9], [10]] . Kupatula apo, mafuta ofunikira a citrus adasankhidwa kukhala GRAS (Amadziwika Kuti Ndi Otetezeka) chifukwa chazakudya zake zazikulu komanso kufunikira kwachuma [8]. Kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti mafuta ofunikira amatha kuwonjezera moyo wa alumali ndi kusunga ubwino wa nsomba ndi nyama [[11], [12], [13], [14], [15]].

Malinga ndi FAO, 2020 (The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture), nsomba zapadziko lonse lapansi zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi ndikuyerekeza pafupifupi matani 179 miliyoni mu 2018 ndikuwonongeka kwa 30-35%. Nsomba zimadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri, gwero lachilengedwe la polyunsaturated fatty acids, (Eicosapentaenoic acid ndi Docosahexaenoic acid), vitamini D, ndi vitamini B2 ndipo zili ndi mchere wambiri monga calcium, sodium, potaziyamu, ndi iron. [16], [17], [18]]. Komabe, nsomba zatsopano zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso kusintha kwachilengedwe chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, kutsika kwa asidi, ma enzymes okhazikika, komanso kuchuluka kwa michere [12,19]. Njira yowonongera imaphatikizapo kufa kwamphamvu, autolysis, kuukira kwa mabakiteriya, ndi kuwola zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga ma amine osakhazikika omwe amatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono [20]. Nsomba zosungidwa mufiriji zimatha kusunga kukoma kwake, kapangidwe kake, ndi kutsitsimuka chifukwa cha kutentha pang'ono. Komabe, mtundu wa nsomba umasokonekera ndi kukula kofulumira kwa tizilombo ta psychrophilic zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tisanuke komanso kuchepetsa moyo wa alumali [19].

Choncho, poona njira zina n’zofunika kuti nsomba ikhale yabwino kwambiri kuti tizilombo toononga tichepetse kuwonongeka komanso kuti nthawi ya alumali ikhale yotalikirapo. Kafukufuku wam'mbuyo adawonetsa kuti kupaka kwa chitosan, mafuta a oregano, mafuta a sinamoni a khungwa la sinamoni, zokutira zokhala ndi chingamu zomwe zili ndi thyme ndi clove zofunika mafuta, salting, ndipo nthawi zina kuphatikiza ndi njira zina zotetezera zinali zogwira mtima poletsa nyimbo za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndikukulitsa moyo wa alumali wa nsomba. [15, [10], [21], [22], [23], [24]]. Mu kafukufuku wina, nanoemulsion idakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito d-limonene ndipo idapezeka yogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi zovuta za pathogenic [25]. Peel zipatso za Pomelo ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zopangira zipatso za pomelo. Kuzidziwitso zathu zabwino komanso magwiridwe antchito amafuta ofunikira a pomelo peel akadali osayankhidwa bwino. Zotsatira za peel ya pomelo sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera ngati antibacterial agent kuti apititse patsogolo kukhazikika kwa minyewa ya nsomba, komanso mphamvu ya mafuta ofunikira monga bio-preservative pa kusungidwa kwabwino kwa minofu ya nsomba zatsopano idawunikidwa. Nsomba za m'madzi (Rohu (Labeo rohita), Bahu (Labeo calbahu), ndi Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) zinagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa zili m'gulu la nsomba zomwe zimakonda kwambiri. kukhazikika kwa minofu ya nsomba, komanso kukulitsa kufunikira kwa zipatso za pomelo zosagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'chigawo chakum'mawa kwa India.