-
Natural Pure Organic Lavender Essential Mafuta osamalira khungu la Aromatherapy
M'zigawo kapena Processing Njira: Steam distilled
Distillation m'zigawo gawo: Maluwa
Chiyambi cha dziko: China
Ntchito: Diffuse/aromatherapy/kusisita
Alumali moyo: 3 zaka
Utumiki wokhazikika: cholembera ndi bokosi kapena ngati mukufuna
Chitsimikizo: GMPC/FDA/ISO9001/MSDS/COA
-
100% Yachilengedwe Yachilengedwe Magnoliae Officmalis Cortex Mafuta Ofunika Kwambiri Osamalira Khungu
Kununkhira kwa Hou Po nthawi yomweyo kumakhala kowawa komanso kununkhira kwambiri kenako kumatseguka pang'onopang'ono ndi kukoma kozama komanso kutentha.
Kugwirizana kwa Hou Po ndi zinthu za Earth ndi Metal komwe kutentha kwake kumachita mwamphamvu kutsika Qi ndi chinyontho chowuma. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe amenewa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala achi China kuti athetse kusayenda komanso kudzikundikira m'mimba komanso kutsokomola ndi kupuma chifukwa cha phlegm kutsekereza mapapu.
Magnolia Officinials ndi mtengo wophukira kumapiri ndi zigwa za Sichuan, Hubei ndi zigawo zina za China. Khungwa lonunkhira kwambiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mankhwala achi China limachotsedwa ku tsinde, nthambi ndi mizu Zosonkhanitsidwa mu Epulo mpaka Juni. Khungwa lakuda, losalala, lolemera ndi mafuta, lili ndi mtundu wofiirira kumbali yamkati yokhala ndi kristalo ngati sheen.
Othandizira angaganizire kuphatikiza Hou Po ndi Qing Pi mafuta ofunikira ngati chiyamikiro chapamwamba pamaphatikizidwe omwe cholinga chake ndi kusokoneza zowunjikana.
-
OEM Mwambo Phukusi Natural Macrocephalae Rhizoma mafuta
Monga mankhwala othandiza a chemotherapeutic, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza zotupa zowopsa m'mimba, mutu, khosi, chifuwa, ndi ovary. Ndipo 5-FU ndiye mankhwala oyamba a khansa yapakhungu m'chipatala. Kachitidwe ka 5-FU ndikuletsa kusintha kwa uracil nucleic acid kukhala thymine nucleic acid m'ma cell chotupa, kenako kumakhudza kaphatikizidwe ndi kukonzanso kwa DNA ndi RNA kuti akwaniritse cytotoxic zotsatira (Afzal et al., 2009; Ducreux et. al., 2015; Longley et al., 2003). Komabe, 5-FU imapanganso kutsekula m'mimba kwa chemotherapy (CID), imodzi mwazoyipa zomwe zimavutitsa odwala ambiri (Filho et al., 2016). Chiwopsezo cha kutsekula m'mimba mwa odwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi 5-FU chinali mpaka 50% -80%, zomwe zidakhudza kwambiri kupita patsogolo ndi mphamvu ya chemotherapy (Iacovelli et al., 2014; Rosenoff et al., 2006). Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza chithandizo choyenera cha CID yopangidwa ndi 5-FU.
Pakalipano, njira zosagwirizana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo zatumizidwa ku chithandizo chamankhwala cha CID. Zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimaphatikizapo zakudya zoyenera, komanso kuwonjezera mchere, shuga ndi zakudya zina. Mankhwala monga loperamide ndi octreotide amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda otsekula m'mimba a CID (Benson et al., 2004). Kuphatikiza apo, ethnomedicines amatengedwanso kuti azichiza CID ndi mankhwala awo apadera m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ndi mtundu umodzi wa ethnomedicine womwe wakhala ukuchitidwa kwa zaka zopitilira 2000 m'maiko aku East Asia kuphatikiza China, Japan ndi Korea (Qi et al., 2010). TCM imanena kuti mankhwala a chemotherapeutic angayambitse kumwa kwa Qi, kusowa kwa ndulu, kusagwirizana m'mimba ndi kunyowa kwa endophytic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matumbo asamagwire bwino ntchito. Mu chiphunzitso cha TCM, njira yochiritsira ya CID iyenera kudalira makamaka kuwonjezera Qi ndi kulimbikitsa ndulu (Wang et al., 1994).
Mizu zouma zaAtractylodes macrocephalaKodi. (AM) ndiPanax ginsengCA Mayi. (PG) ndi mankhwala azitsamba omwe amapezeka mu TCM omwe ali ndi zotsatira zofanana zowonjezera Qi komanso kulimbikitsa ndulu (Li et al., 2014). AM ndi PG nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati herb pair (njira yosavuta kwambiri yolumikizana ndi zitsamba zaku China) ndi zotsatira za kuwonjezera Qi ndi kulimbikitsa ndulu pochiza matenda otsekula m'mimba. Mwachitsanzo, AM ndi PG zidalembedwa m'mawu akale odana ndi kutsekula m'mimba monga Shen Ling Bai Zhu San, Si Jun Zi Tang wochokera ku.Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang(Song Dynasty, China) ndi Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang kuchokeraPi Wei Lun(Mzera wa Yuan, China) (mkuyu 1). Maphunziro angapo am'mbuyomu adanenanso kuti mafomu onse atatuwa ali ndi kuthekera kochepetsa CID (Bai et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2019; Gou et al., 2016). Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wathu wam'mbuyomu adawonetsa kuti Shenzhu Capsule yomwe ili ndi AM ndi PG yokha imakhala ndi zotsatirapo zochizira matenda otsekula m'mimba, colitis (xiexie syndrome), ndi matenda ena am'mimba (Feng et al., 2018). Komabe, palibe kafukufuku yemwe wakambirana za momwe AM ndi PG amagwirira ntchito pochiza CID, kaya kuphatikiza kapena kokha.
Tsopano matumbo a microbiota amawerengedwa kuti ndi omwe angathandize kumvetsetsa njira zochiritsira za TCM (Feng et al., 2019). Kafukufuku wamakono akuwonetsa kuti gut microbiota imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusunga matumbo a homeostasis. Healthy gut microbiota imathandizira chitetezo cham'mimba mucosal, metabolism, immune homeostasis ndi kuyankha, komanso kuponderezana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Thursby ndi Juge, 2017; Pickard et al., 2017). Disordered gut microbiota imasokoneza magwiridwe antchito amthupi ndi chitetezo chamthupi la munthu mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zochitika zam'mbali monga kutsekula m'mimba (Patel et al., 2016; Zhao ndi Shen, 2010). Kafukufuku adawonetsa kuti 5-FU idasintha modabwitsa kapangidwe ka matumbo a microbiota mu mbewa zotsegula m'mimba (Li et al., 2017). Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za AM ndi PM pa kutsekula m'mimba kwa 5-FU zitha kulumikizidwa ndi gut microbiota. Komabe, ngati AM ndi PG okha komanso ophatikizana atha kuteteza kutsekula m'mimba kwa 5-FU posintha matumbo a microbiota sikudziwikabe.
Kuti tifufuze zotsutsana ndi kutsekula m'mimba komanso njira zoyambira za AM ndi PG, tidagwiritsa ntchito 5-FU kutengera chitsanzo cha kutsekula m'mimba mu mbewa. Apa, tidayang'ana pa zotsatira zomwe zingakhalepo za single and integrated administration (AP) yaAtractylodes macrocephalamafuta ofunikira (AMO) ndiPanax ginsengma saponins okwana (PGS), zigawo zogwira ntchito zomwe zimachotsedwa ku AM ndi PG, pa kutsekula m'mimba, matenda a m'mimba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pambuyo pa 5-FU chemotherapy.
-
Mafuta Ofunika 100% Achilengedwe A Eucommiae Foliuml Ofunika Kwambiri Osamalira Khungu
Eucommia ulmoides(EU) (yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "Du Zhong" m'chinenero cha Chitchaina) ndi ya banja la Eucommiaceae, mtundu wa mtengo wawung'ono wochokera ku Central China [1]. Chomerachi chimalimidwa kwambiri ku China pamlingo waukulu chifukwa cha kufunikira kwake kwamankhwala. Pafupifupi mankhwala a 112 adasiyanitsidwa ndi EU omwe akuphatikizapo lignans, iridoids, phenolics, steroids, ndi mankhwala ena. Zowonjezera zitsamba za chomera ichi (monga tiyi wokoma) zawonetsa mankhwala ena. Tsamba la EU liri ndi zochitika zapamwamba zokhudzana ndi cortex, maluwa, ndi zipatso [2,3]. Masamba a EU akuti amathandizira kulimbitsa mafupa ndi minofu ya thupi [4], zomwe zimatsogolera ku moyo wautali komanso kulimbikitsa chonde mwa anthu [5]. Tiyi wokoma wa tiyi wopangidwa kuchokera ku tsamba la EU akuti amachepetsa kunenepa ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya metabolism. Mafuta a Flavonoid (monga rutin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, ndi caffeic acid) adanenedwa kuti akuwonetsa ntchito za antioxidant m'masamba a EU.6].
Ngakhale pakhala pali mabuku okwanira okhudzana ndi phytochemical properties ku EU, maphunziro ochepa adakhalapo okhudza pharmacological katundu wa mankhwala osiyanasiyana otengedwa ku khungwa, mbewu, zimayambira, ndi masamba a EU. Pepala lowunikirali lifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yotengedwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana (makungwa, mbewu, tsinde, ndi tsamba) a EU komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa polimbikitsa thanzi ndi maumboni asayansi ndipo potero apereka chidziwitso. kuti agwiritse ntchito EU.
-
Mafuta Oyera a Houttuynia cordata Houttuynia Cordata Mafuta a Lchthamolum Mafuta
M'mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka kumene, 70-95% ya anthu amadalira mankhwala azikhalidwe zachipatala ndipo mwa 85% ya anthuwa amagwiritsa ntchito zomera kapena zosakaniza zake ngati mankhwala.1] Kufufuza kwa mankhwala atsopano opangidwa kuchokera ku zomera nthawi zambiri kumadalira chidziwitso chamtundu ndi chikhalidwe chomwe anthu amapeza kuchokera kwa asing'anga ndipo amawonedwabe ngati gwero lofunikira potulukira mankhwala. Ku India, pafupifupi mankhwala 2000 ndi ochokera ku zomera.2] Poganizira za chidwi chofala chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba, ndemanga yapano paMalingaliro a kampani Houttuynia cordataThunb. imapereka zidziwitso zaposachedwa zokhudzana ndi maphunziro a botanical, malonda, ethnopharmacological, phytochemical ndi pharmacological omwe amapezeka m'mabuku.H. cordataThunb. ndi wa banjaSaururaceaendipo amadziwika kuti Chinese buluzi mchira. Ndi therere losatha lomwe lili ndi stoloniferous rhizome yokhala ndi ma chemotypes awiri.3,4] The Chinese chemotype ya zamoyozi amapezeka kuthengo ndi theka-zachilengedwe zinthu ku North-East of India kuyambira April mpaka September.5,6,7]H. cordataimapezeka ku India, makamaka ku Brahmaputra chigwa cha Assam ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafuko osiyanasiyana a Assam monga masamba komanso mankhwala osiyanasiyana pachikhalidwe.
-
100% PureArctium lappa Opanga Mafuta - Natural Lime Arctium lappa mafuta okhala ndi Ziphaso Zotsimikizira Ubwino
Ubwino Wathanzi
Mizu ya burdock nthawi zambiri imadyedwa, komabe, imatha kuwumitsidwa ndikumizidwa mu tiyi. Imagwira ntchito ngati gwero la inulin, aprebioticfiber yomwe imathandizira chimbudzi ndikuwonjezera thanzi lamatumbo. Kuonjezera apo, muzu uwu uli ndi flavonoids (zakudya za zomera),mankhwala a phytochemicals, ndi ma antioxidants omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, mizu ya burdock imatha kupereka zabwino zina monga:
Chepetsani Kutupa Kwambiri Muzu wa Burdock uli ndi ma antioxidants angapo, monga quercetin, phenolic acid, ndi luteolin, omwe angathandize kuteteza maselo anu ku.ma free radicals. Ma antioxidants awa amathandizira kuchepetsa kutupa mthupi lonse.
Ngozi Zaumoyo
Mizu ya Burdock imatengedwa kuti ndi yotetezeka kudya kapena kumwa ngati tiyi. Komabe, chomerachi chimafanana kwambiri ndi zomera za belladonna nightshade, zomwe ndi poizoni. Ndibwino kuti mugule mizu ya burdock kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika ndikupewa kutolera nokha. Kuonjezera apo, pali chidziwitso chochepa cha zotsatira zake mwa ana kapena amayi apakati. Lankhulani ndi dokotala musanagwiritse ntchito mizu ya burdock ndi ana kapena ngati muli ndi pakati.
Nazi zina mwazowopsa zaumoyo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira mukamagwiritsa ntchito mizu ya burdock:
Kuchuluka kwa Kutaya madzi m'thupi
Muzu wa burdock umakhala ngati diuretic wachilengedwe, womwe ungayambitse kutaya madzi m'thupi. Ngati mumwa mapiritsi amadzi kapena ma diuretics ena, musatenge mizu ya burdock. Ngati mutenga mankhwalawa, ndikofunika kudziwa mankhwala ena, zitsamba, ndi zosakaniza zomwe zingayambitse kutaya madzi m'thupi.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa
Ngati muli okhudzidwa kapena muli ndi mbiri yokhudzana ndi zowawa za daisies, ragweed, kapena chrysanthemums, muli pachiopsezo chowonjezereka cha kusagwirizana ndi mizu ya burdock.
-
Mtengo wochulukira 100% Pure AsariRadix Et Rhizoma mafuta Relax Aromatherapy Eucalyptus globulus
Maphunziro a zinyama ndi m'mimba afufuza za antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular effects of sassafras ndi zigawo zake. Komabe, mayesero azachipatala akusowa, ndipo ma sassafras samaonedwa kuti ndi otetezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito. Safrole, chigawo chachikulu cha makungwa a mizu ya sassafras ndi mafuta, aletsedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), kuphatikizapo kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fungo kapena fungo lonunkhira, ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati kapena kunja, chifukwa akhoza kukhala ndi khansa. Safrole yagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga 3,4-methylene-dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), yomwe imadziwikanso ndi mayina a pamsewu "ecstasy" kapena "Molly," ndipo kugulitsa mafuta a safrole ndi sassafras kumayang'aniridwa ndi US Drug Enforcement Administration.
-
Mtengo wochulukitsitsa 100% Pure Stellariae Radix mafuta ofunikira (atsopano) Relax Aromatherapy Eucalyptus globulus
The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) imafuna kuti methanol yochokera ku YCH ikhale yosachepera 20.0% [2], popanda zizindikiro zina zowunikira khalidwe zomwe zatchulidwa. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikuwonetsa kuti zomwe zili m'magawo a methanol zakutchire ndi zolimidwa zonse zidakumana ndi muyezo wa pharmacopoeia, ndipo panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo. Chifukwa chake, panalibe kusiyana kowoneka bwino pakati pa zitsanzo zakutchire ndi zolimidwa, malinga ndi indexyo. Komabe, zomwe zili mu ma sterols ndi ma flavonoid okwana m'zitsanzo zakutchire zinali zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zomwe zili mu zitsanzo zolimidwa. Kusanthula kwina kwa metabolic kunawonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa metabolite pakati pa zitsanzo zakuthengo ndi zolimidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, 97 metabolites yosiyana kwambiri idawunikidwa, yomwe yalembedwa muZowonjezera Table S2. Zina mwa metabolites zosiyana kwambiri ndi β-sitosterol (ID ndi M397T42) ndi zotumphukira za quercetin (M447T204_2), zomwe zanenedwa kuti ndizothandiza. Magawo omwe sanatchulidwepo kale, monga trigonelline (M138T291_2), betaine (M118T277_2), fustin (M269T36), rotenone (M241T189), arctiin (M557T165) ndi loganic acid (M399T284) zosiyanasiyana zinaphatikizidwanso. Zigawozi zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mu anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, scaveging free radicals, anti-cancer komanso kuchiza atherosclerosis, chifukwa chake, zitha kukhala zigawo zogwira ntchito mu YCH. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatsimikizira mphamvu ndi khalidwe la mankhwala [7]. Mwachidule, chotsitsa cha methanol monga cholozera chokhacho cha YCH chowunika chili ndi malire, ndipo zolembera zamtundu wina ziyenera kufufuzidwanso. Panali kusiyana kwakukulu mu ma sterols, flavonoids okwana ndi zomwe zili muzinthu zina zambiri zosiyana za metabolites pakati pa YCH zakutchire ndi zolimidwa; kotero, panali mwina kusiyana khalidwe pakati pawo. Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu zomwe zangopezeka kumene mu YCH zitha kukhala ndi tanthauzo lofunikira pakuwunika momwe ntchito ya YCH imagwirira ntchito komanso kupititsa patsogolo zinthu za YCH.
Kufunika kwa mankhwala enieni kwadziwika kale m'dera linalake lochokera popanga mankhwala azitsamba achi China omwe ali abwino kwambiri [8]. Ubwino wamtengo wapatali ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chamankhwala enieni, ndipo malo okhala ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza ubwino wa zipangizo zoterezi. Kuyambira pomwe YCH idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, yakhala ikulamulidwa ndi YCH yakuthengo. Kutsatira kuyambika bwino ndi kukulitsa kwa YCH ku Ningxia m'ma 1980, gwero la mankhwala a Yinchaihu pang'onopang'ono linasintha kuchoka kuthengo kupita ku YCH yolimidwa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wakale wa magwero a YCH [9] ndi kufufuza kwa m'munda kwa gulu lathu lofufuza, pali kusiyana kwakukulu m'madera ogawidwa a mankhwala olimidwa ndi akutchire. YCH yakuthengo imagawidwa makamaka ku Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region m'chigawo cha Shaanxi, moyandikana ndi malo owuma a Inner Mongolia ndi pakati pa Ningxia. Makamaka, chipululu cha chipululu m'maderawa ndi malo abwino kwambiri kuti YCH ikule. Mosiyana ndi izi, YCH yolimidwa imagawidwa kumwera kwa malo ogawa zakutchire, monga Tongxin County (Wolima I) ndi madera ozungulira, yomwe yakhala malo akuluakulu olima ndi kupanga ku China, ndi Pengyang County (Wolima II) , yomwe ili m’dera lakum’mwera kwambiri ndipo ndi malo ena amene amalimapo malo a YCH. Komanso, malo okhala m'madera awiri omwe ali pamwambawa sali chipululu. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa njira yopangira, palinso kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumakhala kuthengo komanso kulimidwa kwa YCH. Habitat ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimakhudza ubwino wa mankhwala azitsamba. Malo osiyanasiyana adzakhudza mapangidwe ndi kudzikundikira kwa metabolites yachiwiri muzomera, motero zimakhudza ubwino wa mankhwala [10,11]. Choncho, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zomwe zili mu flavonoids yonse ndi ma sterols onse ndi kufotokoza kwa metabolites 53 zomwe tapeza mu phunziroli zingakhale zotsatira za kayendetsedwe ka minda ndi kusiyana kwa malo okhala.Imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zomwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira ubwino wa mankhwala ndi kukakamiza zomera zomwe zimayambira. Kupsinjika kwakanthawi kwachilengedwe kumapangitsa kuti ma metabolites achiwiri achuluke [12,13]. Lingaliro la kukula / kusiyanitsa kumanena kuti, zakudya zikakhala zokwanira, zomera zimakula, pamene zakudya zikasowa, zomera zimasiyana kwambiri ndikupanga ma metabolites ena achiwiri.14]. Kupsyinjika kwachilala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi ndizovuta kwambiri zachilengedwe zomwe zomera za m'madera ouma zimakumana nazo. Mu phunziro ili, madzi a YCH omwe amalimidwa ndi ochuluka kwambiri, ndipo mvula yamvula imakhala yochuluka kwambiri pachaka kuposa ya YCH yakuthengo (madzi a Cultivated I anali pafupifupi 2 nthawi ya Wild; Kulima II kunali pafupifupi 3.5 nthawi ya Wild. ). Kuonjezera apo, nthaka ya kuthengo ndi ya mchenga, koma nthaka ya m'munda ndi dongo. Poyerekeza ndi dongo, dothi lamchenga silisunga madzi bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri limakulitsa chilala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kulima nthawi zambiri kunkatsagana ndi kuthirira, kotero kuti vuto la chilala linali lochepa. Wild YCH imamera m'malo ouma achilengedwe, chifukwa chake imatha kuvutika ndi chilala.Osmoregulation ndi njira yofunika kwambiri ya thupi yomwe zomera zimalimbana ndi chilala, ndipo alkaloids ndi ofunika kwambiri osmotic regulator mu zomera zapamwamba.15]. Betaine ndi mankhwala osungunuka a alkaloid quaternary ammonium ndipo amatha kukhala ngati osmoprotectants. Kupsinjika kwachilala kumatha kuchepetsa mphamvu ya osmotic ya maselo, pomwe ma osmoprotectants amasunga ndikusunga mawonekedwe ndi kukhulupirika kwa ma macromolecules achilengedwe, ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chilala ku zomera [16]. Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa kupsinjika kwa chilala, kuchuluka kwa betaine mu shuga beet ndi Lycium barbarum kumawonjezeka kwambiri.17,18]. Trigonelline ndi wowongolera kukula kwa maselo, ndipo pansi pa kupsinjika kwa chilala, imatha kukulitsa kutalika kwa ma cell a mbewu, kuletsa kukula kwa maselo ndikupangitsa kuti ma cell achuluke. Kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono mu cell kumathandizira kuti mbewuyo ikwaniritse malamulo a osmotic ndikukulitsa kuthekera kwake kukana kupsinjika kwa chilala [19]. JIA X [20] anapeza kuti, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kupsinjika kwa chilala, Astragalus membranaceus (gwero la mankhwala achi China) adatulutsa trigonelline yowonjezereka, yomwe imayendetsa mphamvu ya osmotic ndikuwongolera mphamvu yolimbana ndi chilala. Ma Flavonoids awonetsedwanso kuti amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi chilala [21,22]. Kafukufuku wambiri watsimikizira kuti kupsinjika kwachilala kwapang'onopang'ono kunathandizira kudzikundikira kwa flavonoids. Lang Duo-Yong et al. [23] anayerekezera zotsatira za chilala pa YCH polamulira mphamvu yosungira madzi m'munda. Zinapezeka kuti kupsinjika kwa chilala kunalepheretsa kukula kwa mizu pamlingo wina, koma muzovuta zachilala komanso zachilala (40% mphamvu yogwira madzi am'munda), kuchuluka kwa flavonoid mu YCH kunakula. Pakadali pano, pansi pa kupsinjika kwachilala, ma phytosterols amatha kuchitapo kanthu kuti azitha kuyendetsa cell membrane fluidity ndi permeability, kuletsa kutayika kwa madzi ndikuwongolera kupsinjika.24,25]. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa ma flavonoids onse, ma sterols onse, betaine, trigonelline ndi ma metabolites ena achiwiri kuthengo YCH kungakhale kokhudzana ndi kupsinjika kwachilala kwamphamvu.Mu phunziro ili, KEGG njira yolemeretsa kusanthula kunachitidwa pa metabolites yomwe inapezeka kuti ndi yosiyana kwambiri pakati pa YCH yakuthengo ndi yolima. Ma metabolites olemetsedwa akuphatikizapo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi njira za ascorbate ndi aldarate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, histidine metabolism ndi beta-alanine metabolism. Njira za metabolic izi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi njira zolimbana ndi kupsinjika kwa zomera. Mwa iwo, kagayidwe ka ascorbate imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga antioxidant ya zomera, kagayidwe ka kaboni ndi nayitrogeni, kukana kupsinjika ndi ntchito zina zakuthupi.26]; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira mapuloteni.27,28], yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni osamva kupsinjika. Njira zonse za histidine ndi β-alanine zimatha kukulitsa kulolerana kwa zomera ku zovuta zachilengedwe [29,30]. Izi zikuwonetsanso kuti kusiyana kwa metabolites pakati pa zakutchire ndi kulimidwa kwa YCH kunali kogwirizana kwambiri ndi njira zopewera kupsinjika.Nthaka ndiye maziko a kukula ndi chitukuko cha zomera zamankhwala. Nayitrojeni (N), phosphorous (P) ndi potaziyamu (K) m’nthaka ndi zinthu zofunika pakukula ndi kukula kwa zomera. Dothi organic kanthu mulinso N, P, K, Zn, Ca, Mg ndi macroelements ena ndi kufufuza zinthu zofunika zomera mankhwala. Kuchuluka kapena kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kapena kusalinganika kwa zakudya m'thupi, kumakhudza kukula ndi chitukuko ndi mtundu wa mankhwala, ndipo zomera zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyana za zakudya [31,32,33]. Mwachitsanzo, kupsinjika kochepa kwa N kumalimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ka alkaloids ku Isatis indigotica, ndipo kunali kopindulitsa pakudzikundikira kwa flavonoids muzomera monga Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge ndi Dichondra repens Forst. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, N yochuluka kwambiri inalepheretsa kudzikundikira kwa flavonoids mu mitundu monga Erigeron breviscapus, Abrus canntoniensis ndi Ginkgo biloba, ndipo imakhudza ubwino wa mankhwala [.34]. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa P kunali kothandiza pakuwonjezera zomwe zili mu glycyrrhizic acid ndi dihydroacetone mu Ural licorice [35]. Pamene kuchuluka kwa ntchito kupitirira 0 · 12 kg · m-2, chiwerengero chonse cha flavonoid ku Tussilago farfara chinachepa [36]. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa P kunasokoneza zomwe zili mu polysaccharides mumankhwala achi China a rhizoma polygonati [37], koma feteleza wa K anali wothandiza kuonjezera ma saponins [38]. Kuthira feteleza wa 450 kg·hm−2 K kunali kwabwino kwambiri pakukula ndi kudzikundikira kwa saponin wa Panax notoginseng wazaka ziwiri [39]. Pansi pa chiŵerengero cha N: P: K = 2: 2: 1, kuchuluka kwa hydrothermal Tingafinye, harpagide ndi harpagoside anali apamwamba kwambiri [40]. The mkulu chiŵerengero cha N, P ndi K anali opindulitsa kulimbikitsa kukula kwa Pogostemon cablin ndi kuonjezera zili kosakhazikika mafuta. Chiŵerengero chochepa cha N, P ndi K chinawonjezera zomwe zili mu zigawo zazikulu za Pogostemon cablin tsinde mafuta a masamba [41]. YCH ndi chomera chopanda dothi chololera, ndipo chikhoza kukhala ndi zofunikira zenizeni za zakudya monga N, P ndi K. Mu kafukufukuyu, poyerekeza ndi YCH yolimidwa, nthaka ya zomera zakutchire za YCH inali yosabala: zomwe zili m'nthaka. ya organic matter, okwana N, okwana P ndi okwana K anali pafupifupi 1/10, 1/2, 1/3 ndi 1/3 awo a zomera zolimidwa, motero. Choncho, kusiyana kwa zakudya zam'nthaka kungakhale chifukwa china cha kusiyana kwa metabolites yomwe imapezeka mu YCH yolimidwa ndi yamtchire. Weibao Ma et al. [42] adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wina wa N ndi P kumapangitsa kuti mbeu zizikhala bwino. Komabe, zotsatira za michere pamtundu wa YCH sizowoneka bwino, ndipo njira zopangira umuna kuti zithandizire kuwongolera kwamankhwala zimafunikira kuphunzira mopitilira muyeso.Mankhwala azitsamba aku China ali ndi mawonekedwe a "Malo abwino amathandizira kuti pakhale zokolola, ndipo malo osayenera amakhala abwino" [43]. M'kati mwapang'onopang'ono kuchoka kuthengo kupita ku YCH yolimidwa, malo okhalamo zomera anasintha kuchoka ku chipululu chopanda kanthu kupita ku malo achonde okhala ndi madzi ochulukirapo. Malo a YCH omwe amalimidwa ndi apamwamba ndipo zokolola zimakhala zapamwamba, zomwe zimathandiza kukwaniritsa zofuna za msika. Komabe, malo apamwambawa adayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa metabolites ya YCH; kaya izi zikuyenera kuwongolera mtundu wa YCH komanso momwe mungakwaniritsire kupanga kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa YCH kudzera m'miyeso yolima motengera sayansi kudzafunika kufufuza kwina.Kulima kofananira ndi njira yofananizira malo okhala ndi chilengedwe chazomera zakuthengo, potengera chidziwitso cha kusinthika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa zomera ku zovuta za chilengedwe [43]. Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhudza zomera zakutchire, makamaka malo oyambirira a zomera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magwero a zipangizo zamakono zamankhwala, njirayo imagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a sayansi ndi kulowererapo kwa anthu kuti athetse kukula ndi kagayidwe kachiwiri kwa zomera zaku China [43]. Njirazo zimafuna kukwaniritsa makonzedwe abwino kwambiri a chitukuko cha mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri. Kulima kofananira ndi malo okhala kuyenera kupereka njira yabwino yopangira YCH yapamwamba kwambiri ngakhale maziko a pharmacodynamic, zolembera zabwino ndi njira zoyankhira kuzinthu zachilengedwe sizikudziwika bwino. Chifukwa chake, tikuwonetsa kuti mapangidwe asayansi ndi njira zoyendetsera minda pakulima ndi kupanga YCH ziyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe a YCH yakuthengo, monga dothi louma, losabala komanso lamchenga. Nthawi yomweyo, tikuyembekezanso kuti ofufuza azichita kafukufuku wozama pazida zogwirira ntchito komanso zolembera za YCH. Maphunzirowa atha kupereka njira zowunikira bwino za YCH, ndikulimbikitsa kupanga kwapamwamba komanso chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampani. -
Mafuta a Herbal Fructus Amomi Mafuta achilengedwe otikita minofu 1kg Bulk Amomum villosum Mafuta ofunikira
Banja la Zingiberaceae lakopa chidwi chowonjezereka mu kafukufuku wa allelopathic chifukwa cha mafuta ochulukirapo komanso kununkhira kwa mitundu yake. Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu adawonetsa kuti mankhwala ochokera ku Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary) [40], Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) BLBurtt & RMSm. [41] ndi Zingiber officinale Rosc. [42] a banja la ginger wodula bwino lomwe amakhudza kameredwe ka mbeu ndi kukula kwa mbande za chimanga, letesi ndi phwetekere. Phunziro lathu lamakono ndilo lipoti loyamba la ntchito ya allelopathic ya volatiles kuchokera ku tsinde, masamba, ndi zipatso zazing'ono za A. villosum (membala wa banja la Zingiberaceae). Zokolola zamafuta za zimayambira, masamba, ndi zipatso zazing'ono zinali 0,15%, 0.40%, ndi 0.50%, motero, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti zipatso zimatulutsa mafuta ochulukirapo kuposa mapesi ndi masamba. Zigawo zazikulu za mafuta osasunthika kuchokera ku tsinde zinali β-pinene, β-phellandrene ndi α-pinene, zomwe zinali chitsanzo chofanana ndi mankhwala akuluakulu a mafuta a masamba, β-pinene ndi α-pinene (monoterpene hydrocarbons). Kumbali ina, mafuta mu zipatso zazing'ono anali olemera mu bornyl acetate ndi camphor (oxygenated monoterpenes). Zotsatirazo zidathandizidwa ndi zomwe Do N Dai adapeza [30,32] ndi Hui Ao [31] amene anazindikira mafuta ochokera ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za A. villosum.
Pakhala pali malipoti angapo oletsa kukula kwa mbewu zamitundu yayikuluyi mumitundu ina. Shalinder Kaur adapeza kuti α-pinene yochokera ku bulugamu idapondereza kwambiri kutalika kwa mizu ndi kutalika kwa mphukira ya Amaranthus viridis L. pa 1.0 μL43], ndipo kafukufuku wina anasonyeza kuti α-pinene inalepheretsa kukula kwa mizu yoyambirira ndipo inachititsa kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni mu minofu ya mizu kudzera m'mibadwo yambiri ya mitundu ya okosijeni yowonongeka [44]. Malipoti ena anena kuti β-pinene imalepheretsa kumera ndi kukula kwa mbande za namsongole woyezetsa m'njira yotengera mlingo posokoneza kukhulupirika kwa nembanemba [45], kusintha biochemistry ya zomera ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za peroxidase ndi polyphenol oxidases [46]. β-Phellandrene inawonetsa kulepheretsa kwakukulu kwa kumera ndi kukula kwa Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp pa ndende ya 600 ppm [47], pamene, pamagulu a 250 mg/m3, camphor inapondereza kukula ndi mphukira za Lepidium sativum L. [48]. Komabe, kafukufuku wonena za allelopathic zotsatira za bornyl acetate ndizochepa. Mu phunziro lathu, zotsatira za allelopathic za β-pinene, bornyl acetate ndi camphor pamizu zazitali zinali zofooka kusiyana ndi mafuta osasunthika kupatulapo α-pinene, pamene mafuta a masamba, olemera mu α-pinene, analinso phytotoxic kuposa momwe zimakhalira zosasunthika. mafuta ochokera ku tsinde ndi zipatso za A. villosum, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti α-pinene ikhoza kukhala mankhwala ofunikira a allelopathy ndi mitundu iyi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zotsatira zake zimasonyezanso kuti mankhwala ena mu mafuta a zipatso omwe sanali ochuluka angathandize kupanga phytotoxic zotsatira, zomwe zimafuna kufufuza kwina m'tsogolomu.M'mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, zotsatira za allelopathic za allelochemicals ndizosiyana ndi mitundu. Jiang et al. anapeza kuti mafuta ofunikira opangidwa ndi Artemisia sieversiana anali ndi mphamvu zambiri pa Amaranthus retroflexus L. kusiyana ndi Medicago sativa L., Poa annua L., ndi Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. [49]. Mu kafukufuku wina, mafuta osasinthasintha a Lavandula angustifolia Mill. adapanga magawo osiyanasiyana a phytotoxic pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera. Lolium multiflorum. inali mitundu yovomerezeka kwambiri, hypocotyl ndi kukula kwakukulu komwe kumaletsedwa ndi 87.8% ndi 76.7%, motero, pa mlingo wa 1 μL/mL mafuta, koma kukula kwa hypocotyl kwa mbande za nkhaka sikunakhudzidwe konse [20]. Zotsatira zathu zinawonetsanso kuti panali kusiyana kwa kukhudzidwa kwa A. villosum volatiles pakati pa L. sativa ndi L. perenne.Mafuta osasunthika ndi mafuta ofunikira amtundu womwewo amatha kusiyanasiyana mochulukira komanso / kapena mwaluso chifukwa cha kukula, mbali za mbewu ndi njira zodziwira. Mwachitsanzo, lipoti linasonyeza kuti pyranoid (10.3%) ndi β-caryophyllene (6.6%) ndizo zikuluzikulu zowonongeka zomwe zinatulutsidwa kuchokera ku masamba a Sambucus nigra, pamene benzaldehyde (17.8%), α-bulnesene (16.6%) ndi tetracosane (11.5%) anali ochuluka mu mafuta otengedwa masamba [50]. Mu phunziro lathu, mankhwala osasunthika omwe amatulutsidwa ndi zipangizo zatsopano za zomera anali ndi zotsatira zamphamvu za allelopathic pazitsulo zoyesera kusiyana ndi mafuta osasunthika omwe amachotsedwa, kusiyana komwe kumayankhidwa kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kusiyana kwa allelochemicals zomwe zilipo muzokonzekera ziwiri. Kusiyanitsa kwenikweni pakati pa mankhwala osakanikirana ndi mafuta kuyenera kufufuzidwanso m'mayesero otsatirawa.Kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu yosiyana siyana ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi ma microbial m'magulu am'nthaka momwe mafuta osakhazikika adawonjezedwa anali okhudzana ndi mpikisano pakati pa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso zowopsa zilizonse komanso nthawi yamafuta osakhazikika m'nthaka. Vokou and Liotiri [51] adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta anayi ofunikira (0.1 mL) m'nthaka yolimidwa (150 g) adamulowetsa kupuma kwa zitsanzo zam'nthaka, ngakhale mafutawo amasiyana ndi mankhwala awo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mafuta a chomera amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la mpweya ndi mphamvu. zimachitika nthaka tizilombo. Zomwe zinapezedwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku wamakono zatsimikizira kuti mafuta ochokera ku chomera chonse cha A. villosum anathandiza kuti chiwerengero cha fungal chiwonjezeke m'nthaka ndi tsiku la 14 pambuyo pa kuwonjezera mafuta, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti mafuta angapereke mpweya wochuluka. bowa m'nthaka. Kafukufuku wina adanenanso kuti: tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tinapezanso ntchito yawo yoyamba ndi zotsalira zazomera pambuyo pa kusintha kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kunayambitsidwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa mafuta a Thymbra capitata L. (Cav), koma mafuta pa mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri (0.93 µL mafuta pa gramu imodzi ya nthaka) sanalole tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kuti tipeze ntchito yoyamba [52]. Pakafukufuku wapano, potengera kusanthula kwachilengedwe kwa dothi pambuyo pothandizidwa ndi masiku osiyanasiyana komanso kuchuluka kwake, tidaganiza kuti gulu la mabakiteriya am'nthaka lidzachira pakatha masiku ochulukirapo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, fungal microbiota singabwerere ku chikhalidwe chake choyambirira. Zotsatira zotsatirazi zikutsimikizira lingaliro ili: kusiyanasiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta pamapangidwe a fungal microbiome ya nthaka idawululidwa ndi principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA), ndipo zowonetsera za heatmap zidatsimikiziranso kuti fungus lomwe lili m'nthaka. kuthandizidwa ndi mafuta a 3.0 mg/mL (omwe ndi 0.375 mg mafuta pa gramu imodzi ya nthaka) pamtundu wamtundu wosiyana kwambiri ndi mankhwala ena. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kuwonjezeredwa kwa ma monoterpene hydrocarbons kapena ma monoterpenes okosijeni pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yadothi komanso kapangidwe ka madera akadali osowa. Kafukufuku wochepa adawonetsa kuti α-pinene imachulukitsa ntchito za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso kuchuluka kwa Methylophilaceae (gulu la methylotrophs, Proteobacteria) pansi pa chinyezi chochepa, chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ngati gwero la kaboni m'dothi louma.53]. Momwemonso, mafuta osasinthika a A. villosum chomera chonse, okhala ndi 15.03% α-pinene (Zowonjezera Table S1), mwachiwonekere anawonjezera kuchuluka kwachibale kwa Proteobacteria pa 1.5 mg / mL ndi 3.0 mg / mL, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti α-pinene ingakhale imodzi mwa magwero a carbon kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Mankhwala osasunthika omwe amapangidwa ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za A. villosum anali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a allelopathic zotsatira pa L. sativa ndi L. perenne, zomwe zinali zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zigawo za mankhwala zomwe A. villosum zomera zina. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala opangidwa ndi mafuta osasunthika adatsimikiziridwa, zowonongeka zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi A. villosum pa kutentha kwapakati sizidziwika, zomwe zimafunikira kufufuza kwina. Komanso, mphamvu ya synergistic pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya allelochemicals ndiyofunikanso kuganiziridwa. Pankhani ya tizilombo ta m'nthaka, kuti tifufuze momwe mafuta osasunthika amagwirira ntchito pazamoyo zam'nthaka, tifunikabe kufufuza mozama: kuwonjezera nthawi yochizira mafuta osasunthika ndikuzindikira kusiyanasiyana kwamapangidwe amafuta osakhazikika m'nthaka. pa masiku osiyanasiyana. -
Mafuta oyera a Artemisia capillaris amakandulo ndi sopo kupanga mafuta ophatikizira mafuta ofunikira atsopano kwa zoyatsira bango
Mapangidwe amtundu wa rodent
Nyamazo zinagawidwa mwachisawawa m’magulu asanu a mbewa khumi ndi zisanu gulu lililonse. Gulu loyang'anira ndi mbewa zamagulu amitundu zidagundidwa nazomafuta a sesamekwa masiku 6. Makoswe a gulu loyang'anira bwino adapakidwa mapiritsi a bifendate (BT, 10 mg/kg) kwa masiku 6. Magulu oyeserawo amathandizidwa ndi 100 mg / kg ndi 50 mg / kg AEO osungunuka mu mafuta a sesame kwa masiku 6. Patsiku la 6, gulu lolamulira lidathandizidwa ndi mafuta a sesame, ndipo magulu ena onse adathandizidwa ndi mlingo umodzi wa 0.2% CCl4 mu mafuta a sesame (10 ml / kg) ndi.jakisoni wa intraperitoneal. Kenako mbewa zinasala kudya popanda madzi, ndipo zitsanzo za magazi zinasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku ziwiya za retrobulbar; anasonkhanitsa magazi anali centrifuged pa 3000 ×gkwa mphindi 10 kuti alekanitse seramu.Kusamuka kwa khomo lachiberekeroanachitidwa atangochotsa magazi, ndipo zitsanzo za chiwindi zinachotsedwa mwamsanga. Gawo limodzi lachiwindi lidasungidwa nthawi yomweyo pa −20 ° C mpaka kufufuzidwa, ndipo gawo lina linadulidwa ndikuyikidwa mu 10%.formalinyankho; minyewa yotsalayo inasungidwa pa -80 ° C kuti ifufuze za histopathological (Wang et al., 2008,Hsu et al., 2009,Ndi et al., 2015).
Kuyeza kwa magawo a biochemical mu seramu
Kuvulala kwa chiwindi kunayesedwa poyerekezera ndintchito za enzymaticseramu ALT ndi AST pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamalonda zofananira malinga ndi malangizo a zida (Nanjing, Province la Jiangsu, China). Zochita za enzymatic zidawonetsedwa ngati mayunitsi pa lita (U / l).
Kuyeza kwa MDA, SOD, GSH ndi GSH-Pxmu chiwindi homogenates
Chiwindi zimakhala ndi homogenized ndi ozizira zokhudza thupi saline pa chiŵerengero cha 1: 9 (w / v, chiwindi: saline). Ma homogenates anali centrifuged (2500 ×gkwa 10 min) kuti asonkhanitse amatsenga kuti adziwe zomwe zatsatira. Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi kunayesedwa molingana ndi kuyeza kwa chiwindi kwa milingo ya MDA ndi GSH komanso SOD ndi GSH-P.xntchito. Zonsezi zidatsimikiziridwa potsatira malangizo a zida (Nanjing, Province la Jiangsu, China). Zotsatira za MDA ndi GSH zidawonetsedwa ngati nmol pa mg protein (nmol/mg prot), ndi ntchito za SOD ndi GSH-P.xadawonetsedwa ngati mapuloteni a U pa mg (U / mg prot).
Kusanthula kwa Histopathological
Magawo a chiwindi omwe angopezedwa kumene adakhazikika mu 10% bufferedparaformaldehydephosphate solution. Zitsanzozo zimayikidwa mu parafini, zodulidwa mu magawo 3-5 μm, zodetsedwa ndi.hematoxylinndieosin(H&E) molingana ndi njira yokhazikika, ndipo pomaliza idawunikidwa ndimicroscope yowala(Tian et al., 2012).
Kusanthula kwachiwerengero
Zotsatira zake zidawonetsedwa ngati ± kutembenuka kokhazikika (SD). Zotsatirazo zidawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yowerengera ya SPSS Statistics, mtundu 19.0. Detayo idasinthidwa ndikuwunikiridwa kwa kusiyana (ANOVA,p<0.05) kutsatiridwa ndi mayeso a Dunnett ndi mayeso a T3 a Dunnett kuti adziwe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mikhalidwe yamagulu osiyanasiyana oyesera. Kusiyana kwakukulu kunkaganiziridwa pa mlingo wap<0.05.
Zotsatira ndi zokambirana
Zolemba za AEO
Pakuwunika kwa GC / MS, AEO idapezeka kuti ili ndi zigawo za 25 zochotsedwa ku 10 mpaka 35 min, ndipo zigawo za 21 zomwe zimawerengera 84% yamafuta ofunikira zidadziwika.Table 1). Mafuta ochulukirapo omwe ali nawomonoterpenoids(80.9%), sesquiterpenoids (9.5%), saturated unbranched hydrocarbons (4.86%) ndi miscellaneous acetylene (4.86%). Poyerekeza ndi maphunziro ena (Guo et al., 2004), tapeza ma monoterpenoids (80.90%) mu AEO. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti gawo lochulukirapo la AEO ndi β-citronellol (16.23%). Zigawo zina zazikulu za AEO zikuphatikizapo 1,8-cineole (13.9%),camphor(12.59%),linalool(11.33%), α-pinene (7.21%), β-pinene (3.99%),thymol(3.22%) ndimyrcene(2.02%). Kusiyanasiyana kwa kapangidwe ka mankhwala kumatha kukhala kokhudzana ndi chilengedwe chomwe mbewuyo idakumana nayo, monga madzi amchere, kuwala kwa dzuwa, gawo lachitukuko ndizakudya.
-
Mafuta oyera a Saposhnikovia divaricata a makandulo ndi sopo kupanga mafuta ophatikizira mafuta ofunikira atsopano kwa zoyatsira bango
2.1. Kukonzekera kwa SDE
Ma rhizomes a SD adagulidwa ngati zitsamba zouma kuchokera ku Hanherb Co. (Guri, Korea). Zomerazo zidatsimikiziridwa mwaukadaulo ndi Dr. Go-Ya Choi wa Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM). Chitsanzo cha voucher (nambala 2014 SDE-6) chinayikidwa mu Korea Herbarium of Standard Herbal Resources. Ma rhizomes owuma a SD (320 g) adatengedwa kawiri ndi 70% ethanol (yokhala ndi 2 h reflux) ndipo zotulutsazo zidayikidwa movutikira. Decoction imasefedwa, lyophilized, ndikusungidwa pa 4 ° C. Zokolola za zouma zouma kuchokera kuzinthu zoyambira zopanda pake zinali 48.13% (w/w).
2.2. Quantitative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Analysis
Kusanthula kwa Chromatographic kunachitika ndi makina a HPLC (Waters Co., Milford, MA, USA) ndi chowunikira cha photodiode. Pakuwunika kwa HPLC kwa SDE, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin standard idagulidwa ku Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medicine Viwanda (Gyeongsan, Korea), ndimphindi-O-glucosylhamaudol ndi 4'-O-βD-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol inapatulidwa mkati mwa labotale yathu ndipo idazindikirika ndi kusanthula kwa spectral, makamaka ndi NMR ndi MS.
Zitsanzo za SDE (0.1 mg) zinasungunuka mu 70% ethanol (10 mL). Kulekanitsa chromatographic kunachitika ndi XSelect HSS T3 C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5μm, Waters Co., Milford, MA, USA). Gawo la mafoni linali la acetonitrile (A) ndi 0.1% acetic acid m'madzi (B) pamtunda wa 1.0 mL / min. Pulogalamu ya multistep gradient idagwiritsidwa ntchito motere: 5% A (0 min), 5–20% A (0–10 min), 20% A (10–23 min), ndi 20–65% A (23–40 min. ). Kutalika kwa mawonekedwewo kudasinthidwa pa 210-400 nm ndikujambulidwa pa 254 nm. Kuchuluka kwa jekeseni kunali 10.0μL. Mayankho anthawi zonse otsimikizira ma chromone atatu adakonzedwa pomaliza 7.781 mg/mL (prim-O-glucosylcimifugin), 31.125 mg/mL (4′-O-βD-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol), ndi 31.125 mg/mL (mphindi-O-glucosylhamaudol) mu methanol ndikusungidwa pa 4 ° C.
2.3. Kuunika kwa Ntchito Yotsutsana ndi KutupaMu Vitro
2.3.1. Chikhalidwe cha Maselo ndi Zitsanzo za Chithandizo
Maselo a RAW 264.7 adapezedwa kuchokera ku American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) ndipo amakula mu DMEM sing'anga yomwe ili ndi 1% maantibayotiki ndi 5.5% FBS. Maselo anakulungidwa mu mpweya wa 5% CO2 pa 37°C. Pofuna kulimbikitsa maselo, sing'angayo inasinthidwa ndi DMEM yatsopano, ndi lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) pa 1μg/mL idawonjezedwa pamaso kapena kusapezeka kwa SDE (200 kapena 400μg/mL) kwa maola 24 owonjezera.
2.3.2. Kutsimikiza kwa Nitric Oxide (NO), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α), ndi Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Kupanga
Maselo amathandizidwa ndi SDE ndikulimbikitsidwa ndi LPS kwa 24 h. Palibe kupanga komwe kunawunikidwa poyesa nitrite pogwiritsa ntchito Griess reagent malinga ndi kafukufuku wakale [12]. Kutulutsa kwa ma cytokines otupa PGE2, TNF-α, ndipo IL-6 idatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida za ELISA (R&D machitidwe) molingana ndi malangizo opanga. Zotsatira za SDE pa NO ndi kupanga cytokine zinatsimikiziridwa pa 540 nm kapena 450 nm pogwiritsa ntchito Wallac EnVision.™owerenga microplate (PerkinElmer).
2.4. Kuwunika kwa Antiosteoarthritis ActivityMu Vivo
2.4.1. Zinyama
Makoswe aamuna a Sprague-Dawley (masabata 7) adagulidwa kuchokera ku Samtako Inc. (Osan, Korea) ndipo amasungidwa pansi pazikhalidwe zoyendetsedwa ndi 12-h kuwala / mdima kuzungulira.°C ndi% chinyezi. Makoswe anapatsidwa chakudya cha labotale ndi madzindi libitum. Njira zonse zoyesera zidachitika motsatira malangizo a National Institutes of Health (NIH) ndikuvomerezedwa ndi Komiti Yoyang'anira Zanyama ndi Ntchito ya yunivesite ya Daejeon (Daejeon, Republic of Korea).
2.4.2. Kulowetsedwa kwa OA ndi MIA mu Makoswe
Zinyamazo zinasinthidwa mwachisawawa ndikupatsidwa magulu achipatala musanayambe phunzirolo (pa gulu). MIA yankho (3 mg/50μL ya 0.9% saline) analowetsedwa mwachindunji mu intra-articular danga la bondo lamanja pansi pa anesthesia yopangidwa ndi ketamine ndi xylazine. Makoswe adagawidwa mwachisawawa m'magulu anayi: (1) gulu la saline lopanda jekeseni wa MIA, (2) gulu la MIA ndi jekeseni wa MIA, (3) gulu la SDE (200 mg / kg) ndi jekeseni wa MIA, ndi (4) ) gulu la mankhwala a indomethacin- (IM-) (2 mg/kg) ndi jekeseni wa MIA. Makoswe ankaperekedwa pamlomo ndi SDE ndi IM 1 sabata pamaso pa jekeseni wa MIA kwa masabata a 4. Mlingo wa SDE ndi IM wogwiritsidwa ntchito mu phunziroli unachokera pa omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maphunziro apitalo [10,13,14].
2.4.3. Miyezo ya Hindpaw Weight-Bearing Distribution
Pambuyo pa kulowetsedwa kwa OA, mphamvu yolemetsa yolemetsa ya ma hindpaws inasokonekera. Woyesa wolephera (Linton instrumentation, Norfolk, UK) adagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kusintha kwa kulekerera kulemera. Makoswe ankawaika mosamala m’chipinda choyezeramo. Mphamvu yonyamula zolemetsa yoperekedwa ndi mwendo wakumbuyo udachitika pafupifupi 3 s. Chiŵerengero cha kagawidwe ka kulemera chinaŵerengedwa ndi chiŵerengero chotsatirachi: [kulemera pa mwendo wakumbuyo wakumanja/(kulemera ku nsonga yakumanja + kulemera kudzanja lakumanzere)] × 100 [15].
2.4.4. Kuyeza kwa Serum Cytokine Levels
Zitsanzo za magazi zinali centrifuged pa 1,500 g kwa 10 min pa 4 ° C; ndiye seramuyo idasonkhanitsidwa ndikusungidwa pa −70 ° C mpaka itagwiritsidwa ntchito. Miyezo ya IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, ndi PGE2 mu seramu adayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida za ELISA kuchokera ku R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA) malinga ndi malangizo a wopanga.
2.4.5. Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR Analysis
RNA yonse inachotsedwa ku minofu ya mawondo pogwiritsa ntchito TRI reagent® (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), yolembedwanso mu cDNA ndi PCR-amplified pogwiritsa ntchito TM One Step RT PCR kit ndi SYBR green (Applied Biosystems). , Grand Island, NY, USA). PCR yochulukira nthawi yeniyeni idachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Applied Biosystems 7500 Real-Time PCR (Applied Biosystems, Grand Island, NY, USA). Kutsatizana koyambirira ndi kutsatizana kwa probe kukuwonetsedwa mu Table1. Ma Aliquots a zitsanzo za cDNAs ndi kuchuluka kofanana kwa GAPDH cDNA adakulitsidwa ndi TaqMan® Universal PCR master mix yomwe ili ndi DNA polymerase malinga ndi malangizo a wopanga (Applied Biosystems, Foster, CA, USA). Mikhalidwe ya PCR inali 2 min pa 50 ° C, 10 min pa 94 ° C, 15 s pa 95 ° C, ndi 1 min pa 60 ° C kwa 40 mizungu. Kuchulukira kwa jini yomwe chandamale idatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofananizira ya Ct (nambala yozungulira podutsa pakati pa chiwembu chokulitsa ndi pachimake), molingana ndi malangizo a wopanga.
-
Mafuta abwino a Dalbergia Odoriferae Lignum a makandulo ndi sopo opangira mafuta ophatikizira mafuta ofunikira atsopano kwa zoyatsira bango
The mankhwala chomeraDalbergia odoriferaT. Chen mitundu, amatchedwansoLignum Dalbergia odoriferae[1], ndi wa mtunduDalbergia, banja Fabaceae (Leguminosae) [2]. Chomerachi chafalikira kwambiri kumadera otentha a Central ndi South America, Africa, Madagascar, East and Southern Asia [1,3], makamaka ku China [4].D. odoriferamitundu, yomwe imadziwika kuti "Jiangxiang" m'Chitchaina, "Kangjinhyang" m'Chikorea, ndi "Koshinko" m'mankhwala aku Japan, yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala azikhalidwe pochiza matenda amtima, khansa, shuga, matenda a magazi, ischemia, kutupa. zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba, necrosis, ndi zina zotero.5-7]. Makamaka, kuchokera ku mankhwala azitsamba a ku China, heartwood inapezedwa ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ngati gawo la mankhwala osakaniza opangira mankhwala a mtima, kuphatikizapo Qi-Shen-Yi-Qi decoction, mapiritsi a Guanxin-Danshen, ndi jekeseni wa Danshen [5,6,8-11]. Monga ena ambiriDalbergiamitundu, kafukufuku wa phytochemical adawonetsa kupezeka kwa zotumphukira za flavonoid, phenol, ndi sesquiterpene m'malo osiyanasiyana a chomera ichi, makamaka pankhani ya heartwood [12]. Kuphatikiza apo, malipoti angapo a bioactive okhudzana ndi cytotoxic, antibacterial, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antiosteosarcoma, antiosteoporosis, ndi vasorelaxant zochita ndi alpha-glucosidase inhibitory zochita zikuwonetsa kuti zonsezi.D. odoriferaZopangira zopanda mafuta komanso ma metabolites ake achiwiri ndizothandiza pakupanga mankhwala atsopano. Komabe, palibe umboni womwe udanenedwa wamalingaliro ambiri okhudza mbewuyi. Mukuwunikaku, tikuwonetsa mwachidule zigawo zazikulu zamankhwala ndi kuwunika kwachilengedwe. Ndemanga iyi idzathandizira kumvetsetsa zachikhalidwe chaD. odoriferandi mitundu ina yofananira, ndipo imapereka malangizo ofunikira pakufufuza kwamtsogolo.
