Mafuta abwino a Dalbergia Odoriferae Lignum a makandulo ndi sopo opangira mafuta ophatikizira mafuta ofunikira atsopano kwa zoyatsira bango

Malinga ndi database ya The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org, 2017), dzina lovomerezeka lotsatira laDalbergia odoriferaMitundu ya T. Chen yalembedwa pamlingo wodalirika kwambiri [13]. The mankhwala chomeraD. odoriferamitundu, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti fungo la rosewood, ndi mtengo wosatha wa semideciduous [14], okhala ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe monga kutalika kwa mapazi 30–65, masamba ozungulira, ndi timaluwa tating’ono tachikasu [14]. Makhalidwe aumunthu adanenedwanso mu ntchito ya Hao ndi Wu (1993), kutengera kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane mawonekedwe a thupi ndi mawonekedwe akunja omwe amapangidwa pama cell tsinde parenchyma a mtengo wobiriwira wobiriwira.D. odoriferamitundu [15]. Monga momwe zotsatira zake zasonyezera, mu phloem yachiwiri ya nthambi ndi thunthu, mapuloteni a vacuole amapezeka m'maselo onse a parenchyma, kupatulapo ma cell anzako. Kuonjezera apo, mapuloteni mu ray parenchyma ndi vasicentric parenchyma adawonekera mu xylem yakunja yachiwiri ya nthambi, koma osati mu thunthu lachiwiri la xylem. Mapuloteni a xylem vacuole amasonkhanitsidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yakukula ndikuzimiririka pambuyo pakukula koyamba kwa masika. Mapuloteni a phloem vacuole amasonyeza kusiyana kwa nyengo, makamaka m'maselo omwe ali pafupi ndi cambium. Mapangidwe a ulusi wamapuloteni a vacuole mwachiwonekere adapezeka pakuphatikizana kapena kubalalikana kocheperako komwe kumachitika mu ma vacuoles apakati pakukula komanso nthawi yogona. Chofunika kwambiri, chikhalidwe cha kukula kwa nyengo m'mitengo yotentha chikhoza kukhala chosiyana ndi chamitengo yotentha, momwe mtengo wambawa wochokera kumadera otentha ku China mongaD. odoriferaMitunduyi inali ndi mapuloteni osungira tsinde m'ma vacuoles akuluakulu apakati, koma mapuloteni osungira tsinde a mitengo yotentha ankawoneka ngati ma vacuoles ang'onoang'ono osungira mapuloteni kapena matupi a mapuloteni, ndipo mtundu weniweni wa tsinde yosungirako mapuloteni omwe amapezeka m'zomera zotentha sizingakhale zochitika mwangozi [15].

The mankhwala chomeraD. odoriferaMitundu yamtunduwu yawonetsedwa ngati imodzi mwamitengo yamtengo wapatali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yokhala ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana komanso malonda apamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, heartwood yake, yotchedwa "Jiangxiang" mu mankhwala achi China, idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Chinese Pharmacopoeia kuchiza matenda amtima, khansa, shuga, matenda a magazi, ischemia, kutupa, necrosis, ndi ululu wa rheumatic [6,7]. Monga momwe tikudziwira, mitengo yamtima idapereka phindu lamafuta ofunikira, omwe amatha kuwonedwa ngati mankhwala onunkhira amtengo wapatali [1]. Kupatula gawo lofunikira pamakampani opanga mankhwala, mitengo yamtima inali yotchuka chifukwa cha mipando ndi zaluso zapamwamba, chifukwa cha kununkhira kwawo kokoma, malo okongola, komanso kachulukidwe kwambiri [2]. Iwo anaona kuti zakutchire chomeraD. odoriferazamoyo zamtunduwu zili pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso kuti zigwiritse ntchito matabwa [2,16]. Chifukwa chake, chitetezo ndi kukula kwake ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Kufanana ndi izi, posachedwapa, chikoka cha malo ndi kutentha kusiyana paD. odoriferakumera kwa mbewu (kutengera malo anayi: Ledong, Hainan; Pingxiang, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; Zhaoqing, Guangdong; ndi Longhai, Fujian, China) zidanenedwa m'ntchito ya Liu et al. (2017) [16]. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kutentha koyenera kumera kwa mbewu zotengedwa ku Ledong ndi Pingxiang kunali 25°C, pomwe kwa mbewu ziwiri zotsalazo kunali 30°C. Munkhani ina, Lu et al. (2012) anapeza kuti nodulating mphamvu kukonza N2 kuchokera mlengalenga muD. odoriferaMitundu inali yofunika kuti mbande ikhazikitsidwe ndi kukula, choncho tiyenera kuzindikira mgwirizano wa symbiosis pakati pa mitundu ya rhizobia ndi tinatake tozungulira.D. odoriferamitundu [17]. Kusanthula kwa phylogenetic kwa 16S rRNA jini ndi 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) kunawona kuti mitundu iwiri ya mabakiteriya, 8111 ndi 8201, inasiyanitsidwa ndi mizu ya nyemba zobiriwira ku Southern China,D. odoriferamitundu, zomwe zinali zogwirizana kwambiriBurkholderia cepacia. Pakadali pano, analinso ofanana pakugwiritsa ntchito gwero la kaboni pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a mbale ya GN2 ya biology ndipo DNA G + C yawo inali 65.8 ndi 65.5 mol%, motsatana.17]. Mitundu iwiri ya mitundu, 8111 ndi 8201, idaperekanso kufanana kwakukulu ndiB. cepaciazovuta mu makutidwe ndi okosijeni pafupifupi onse mpweya magwero, kupatula cellobiose, poyerekeza ndiB. cepaciandiB. pyrrociniandi makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa cellobiose ndi xylitol ndi ndiB. Vietnamesendi okosijeni wa adonitol ndi cellobiose,17]. Kuphatikiza apo, biomass ya zomera ndi N zomwe zapezeka zikuwonetsa kuti kukhazikika kwa N2 kunachitika m'manodulo pambuyo poyamwa ndi awiriwa.Burkholderiamavuto, poyerekeza ndi zoipa ulamuliro mbande zaD. odoriferamitundu [17]. Pomaliza,BurkholderiaMitundu 8111 ndi 8201 imatha kukhala ndi gawo labwino popanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tamtundu wa legume.D. odorifera[17].

Endophytic bowa kapena endophytes, omwe amapezeka kwambiri mkati mwazomera zathanzi, amatha kukhudza kwambiri mapangidwe a kagayidwe kachakudya komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimachokera kumitengo yamankhwala.49]. Ubale pakati pa bowa wosiyanasiyana ndi mtima wosakhazikika wa Guangdong, China,D. odoriferamitundu, idanenedwa ndi Sun et al. (2015); Choyamba, awiri okha bowa anali olekanitsidwa 160 woyera thanzi nkhuni zimakhala, pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, amene anali ogwirizana ndi mitundu ya Bionectriaceae. M'malo mwake, bowa 85 adadziwika kuchokera kumitengo yamitengo yofiirira kapena yofiirira, pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo anali amitundu 12 [2]. Chachiwiri, chizindikiritso cha mamolekyulu ndi kusanthula kwa phylogenetic kunawonetsa kuti bowa wodzipatulawo adachita zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri zosiyana ndi zambiri za bootstrap zomwe zili pamwamba pa 90%, kuphatikizaFusariumsp., Bionectriaceae, Pleosporales,Phomopsissp.,Exophiala jeanselmei,Auricularia polytricha,ndiOudemansiellasp. Mwachitsanzo, kutsatizana kwa ITS kuchokera ku code yakutali 12120 kuchokera kumitengo yovulala kudadziwika kutiPhomopsissp. ndipo idaphatikizidwa ndi 98% chithandizo cha bootstrap ndiPhomopsissp.DQ780429kapena ndi nambala yapayokha 12201 yochokera ku nkhuni zoyera zathanzi, zokhala ndi clade yothandizidwa mwamphamvu ndiBionectriaceaesp.EF672316, makamaka atatu odzipatula 12119, 12130, ndi 12131 omwe anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi mtengo wa 92% wa bootstrap, womwe unaphatikizana kwambiri ndi zolemba zaFusariumsp. mu GenBank. Chachitatu, kafukufuku wozama komanso kusanthula kwathunthu kwa endophytic kudzipatula pafupipafupi kunawonetsa mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya mafangasi pamitengo yofiirira yofiirira momwe mafupipafupi atsamunda anali 53.125%, a mibadwo isanu ndi itatu kapena mabanja:Eutypa,Fusarium,Phomopsis,Oudemansiella,Eutypella,Auricularia,Pleoporalessp., ndiExophiala, muEutypasp. (12123) inali yochuluka kwambiri ndi 21.25%, pomwe yokhaBionectriaceaesp. (1.25%) anapezeka mu nkhuni zoyera zathanzi. Potsirizira pake, kusanthula kwa thupi kunasonyeza kuti mafangasi ena amawonekera m'mitsuko yamatabwa amtundu wofiirira-bulauni, pamene uwu sunapezeke m'chotengera cha nkhuni zoyera bwino.