Mafuta a Herbal Fructus Amomi Mafuta achilengedwe otikita minofu 1kg Bulk Amomum villosum Mafuta ofunikira

Mafuta a Herbal Fructus Amomi Mafuta Opaka Mafuta achilengedwe 1kg Bulk Amomum villosum Mafuta ofunikira Chithunzi Chowonetsedwa

Kufotokozera mwachidule:

Banja la Zingiberaceae lakopa chidwi chowonjezereka mu kafukufuku wa allelopathic chifukwa cha mafuta ochulukirapo komanso kununkhira kwa mitundu yake. Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu adawonetsa kuti mankhwala ochokera ku Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary) [40], Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) BLBurtt & RMSm. [41] ndi Zingiber officinale Rosc. [42] a banja la ginger wodula bwino lomwe amakhudza kameredwe ka mbeu ndi kukula kwa mbande za chimanga, letesi ndi phwetekere. Phunziro lathu lamakono ndilo lipoti loyamba la ntchito ya allelopathic ya volatiles kuchokera ku tsinde, masamba, ndi zipatso zazing'ono za A. villosum (membala wa banja la Zingiberaceae). Zokolola zamafuta za zimayambira, masamba, ndi zipatso zazing'ono zinali 0,15%, 0.40%, ndi 0.50%, motero, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti zipatso zimatulutsa mafuta ochulukirapo kuposa mapesi ndi masamba. Zigawo zazikulu za mafuta osasunthika kuchokera ku tsinde zinali β-pinene, β-phellandrene ndi α-pinene, zomwe zinali chitsanzo chofanana ndi mankhwala akuluakulu a mafuta a masamba, β-pinene ndi α-pinene (monoterpene hydrocarbons). Kumbali ina, mafuta mu zipatso zazing'ono anali olemera mu bornyl acetate ndi camphor (oxygenated monoterpenes). Zotsatirazo zidathandizidwa ndi zomwe Do N Dai adapeza [30,32] ndi Hui Ao [31] amene anazindikira mafuta ochokera ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za A. villosum.

Pakhala pali malipoti angapo oletsa kukula kwa mbewu zamitundu yayikuluyi mumitundu ina. Shalinder Kaur adapeza kuti α-pinene yochokera ku bulugamu idapondereza kwambiri kutalika kwa mizu ndi kutalika kwa mphukira ya Amaranthus viridis L. pa 1.0 μL43], ndipo kafukufuku wina anasonyeza kuti α-pinene inalepheretsa kukula kwa mizu yoyambirira ndipo inachititsa kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni mu minofu ya mizu kudzera m'mibadwo yambiri ya mitundu ya okosijeni yowonongeka [44]. Malipoti ena anena kuti β-pinene imalepheretsa kumera ndi kukula kwa mbande za namsongole woyezetsa m'njira yotengera mlingo posokoneza kukhulupirika kwa nembanemba [45], kusintha biochemistry ya zomera ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za peroxidase ndi polyphenol oxidases [46]. β-Phellandrene inawonetsa kulepheretsa kwakukulu kwa kumera ndi kukula kwa Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp pa ndende ya 600 ppm [47], pamene, pamagulu a 250 mg/m3, camphor inapondereza kukula ndi mphukira za Lepidium sativum L. [48]. Komabe, kafukufuku wonena za allelopathic zotsatira za bornyl acetate ndizochepa. Mu phunziro lathu, zotsatira za allelopathic za β-pinene, bornyl acetate ndi camphor pamizu zazitali zinali zofooka kusiyana ndi mafuta osasunthika kupatulapo α-pinene, pamene mafuta a masamba, olemera mu α-pinene, analinso phytotoxic kuposa momwe zimakhalira zosasunthika. mafuta ochokera ku tsinde ndi zipatso za A. villosum, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti α-pinene ikhoza kukhala mankhwala ofunikira a allelopathy ndi mitundu iyi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zotsatira zake zimasonyezanso kuti mankhwala ena mu mafuta a zipatso omwe sanali ochuluka angathandize kupanga phytotoxic zotsatira, zomwe zimafuna kufufuza kwina m'tsogolomu.

M'mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, zotsatira za allelopathic za allelochemicals ndizosiyana ndi mitundu. Jiang et al. anapeza kuti mafuta ofunikira opangidwa ndi Artemisia sieversiana anali ndi mphamvu zambiri pa Amaranthus retroflexus L. kusiyana ndi Medicago sativa L., Poa annua L., ndi Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. [49]. Mu kafukufuku wina, mafuta osasinthasintha a Lavandula angustifolia Mill. adapanga magawo osiyanasiyana a phytotoxic pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera. Lolium multiflorum. inali mitundu yovomerezeka kwambiri, hypocotyl ndi kukula kwakukulu komwe kumaletsedwa ndi 87.8% ndi 76.7%, motero, pa mlingo wa 1 μL/mL mafuta, koma kukula kwa hypocotyl kwa mbande za nkhaka sikunakhudzidwe konse [20]. Zotsatira zathu zinawonetsanso kuti panali kusiyana kwa kukhudzidwa kwa A. villosum volatiles pakati pa L. sativa ndi L. perenne.

Mafuta osasunthika ndi mafuta ofunikira amtundu womwewo amatha kusiyanasiyana mochulukira komanso / kapena mwaluso chifukwa cha kukula, mbali za mbewu ndi njira zodziwira. Mwachitsanzo, lipoti linasonyeza kuti pyranoid (10.3%) ndi β-caryophyllene (6.6%) ndizo zikuluzikulu zowonongeka zomwe zinatulutsidwa kuchokera ku masamba a Sambucus nigra, pamene benzaldehyde (17.8%), α-bulnesene (16.6%) ndi tetracosane (11.5%) anali ochuluka mu mafuta otengedwa masamba [50]. Mu phunziro lathu, mankhwala osasunthika omwe amatulutsidwa ndi zipangizo zatsopano za zomera anali ndi zotsatira zamphamvu za allelopathic pazitsulo zoyesera kusiyana ndi mafuta osasunthika omwe amachotsedwa, kusiyana komwe kumayankhidwa kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kusiyana kwa allelochemicals zomwe zilipo muzokonzekera ziwiri. Kusiyanitsa kwenikweni pakati pa mankhwala osakanikirana ndi mafuta kuyenera kufufuzidwanso m'mayesero otsatirawa.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu yosiyana siyana ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi ma microbial m'magulu am'nthaka momwe mafuta osakhazikika adawonjezedwa anali okhudzana ndi mpikisano pakati pa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso zowopsa zilizonse komanso nthawi yamafuta osakhazikika m'nthaka. Vokou and Liotiri [51] adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta anayi ofunikira (0.1 mL) m'nthaka yolimidwa (150 g) adamulowetsa kupuma kwa zitsanzo zam'nthaka, ngakhale mafutawo amasiyana ndi mankhwala awo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mafuta a chomera amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la mpweya ndi mphamvu. zimachitika nthaka tizilombo. Zomwe zinapezedwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku wamakono zatsimikizira kuti mafuta ochokera ku chomera chonse cha A. villosum anathandiza kuti chiwerengero cha fungal chiwonjezeke m'nthaka ndi tsiku la 14 pambuyo pa kuwonjezera mafuta, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti mafuta angapereke mpweya wochuluka. bowa m'nthaka. Kafukufuku wina adanenanso kuti: tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tinapezanso ntchito yawo yoyamba ndi zotsalira zazomera pambuyo pa kusintha kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kunayambitsidwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa mafuta a Thymbra capitata L. (Cav), koma mafuta pa mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri (0.93 µL mafuta pa gramu imodzi ya nthaka) sanalole tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kuti tipeze ntchito yoyamba [52]. Pakafukufuku wapano, potengera kusanthula kwachilengedwe kwa dothi pambuyo pothandizidwa ndi masiku osiyanasiyana komanso kuchuluka kwake, tidaganiza kuti gulu la mabakiteriya am'nthaka lidzachira pakatha masiku ochulukirapo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, fungal microbiota singabwerere ku chikhalidwe chake choyambirira. Zotsatira zotsatirazi zikutsimikizira lingaliro ili: kusiyanasiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta pamapangidwe a fungal microbiome ya nthaka idawululidwa ndi principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA), ndipo zowonetsera za heatmap zidatsimikiziranso kuti fungus lomwe lili m'nthaka. kuthandizidwa ndi mafuta a 3.0 mg/mL (omwe ndi 0.375 mg mafuta pa gramu imodzi ya nthaka) pamtundu wamtundu wosiyana kwambiri ndi mankhwala ena. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kuwonjezeredwa kwa ma monoterpene hydrocarbons kapena ma monoterpenes okosijeni pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yadothi komanso kapangidwe ka madera akadali osowa. Kafukufuku wochepa adawonetsa kuti α-pinene imachulukitsa ntchito za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso kuchuluka kwa Methylophilaceae (gulu la methylotrophs, Proteobacteria) pansi pa chinyezi chochepa, chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ngati gwero la kaboni m'dothi louma.53]. Momwemonso, mafuta osasinthika a A. villosum chomera chonse, okhala ndi 15.03% α-pinene (Zowonjezera Table S1), mwachiwonekere anawonjezera kuchuluka kwachibale kwa Proteobacteria pa 1.5 mg / mL ndi 3.0 mg / mL, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti α-pinene ingakhale imodzi mwa magwero a carbon kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mankhwala osasunthika omwe amapangidwa ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za A. villosum anali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a allelopathic zotsatira pa L. sativa ndi L. perenne, zomwe zinali zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zigawo za mankhwala zomwe A. villosum zomera zina. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala opangidwa ndi mafuta osasunthika adatsimikiziridwa, zowonongeka zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi A. villosum pa kutentha kwapakati sizidziwika, zomwe zimafunikira kufufuza kwina. Komanso, mphamvu ya synergistic pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya allelochemicals ndiyofunikanso kuganiziridwa. Pankhani ya tizilombo ta m'nthaka, kuti tifufuze momwe mafuta osasunthika amagwirira ntchito pazamoyo zam'nthaka, tifunikabe kufufuza mozama: kuwonjezera nthawi yochizira mafuta osasunthika ndikuzindikira kusiyanasiyana kwamapangidwe amafuta osakhazikika m'nthaka. pa masiku osiyanasiyana.

Mtengo wa FOB:US $0.5 - 9,999 / Chigawo

Kuchuluka kwa Min.Order:100 zidutswa / zidutswa

Kupereka Mphamvu:10000 Chidutswa/Zidutswa pamwezi

Titumizireni imelo

Tsatanetsatane wa Zamalonda

Zolemba Zamalonda

Allelopathy nthawi zambiri imatanthauzidwa ngati zotsatira zachindunji kapena zosalunjika, zabwino kapena zoyipa zamtundu wina pamtundu wina kudzera mukupanga ndi kutulutsa mankhwala opangidwa m'chilengedwe [1]. Zomera zimatulutsa allelochemicals mumlengalenga wozungulira ndi dothi kudzera mu volatilization, leaching foliar, exudation ya mizu, ndi kuwonongeka kwa zotsalira [2]. Monga gulu limodzi la mankhwala ofunika kwambiri a allelochemicals, zigawo zowonongeka zimalowa mumlengalenga ndi nthaka mofananamo: zomera zimatulutsa zivomezi mumlengalenga mwachindunji [3]; madzi amvula amatsuka zigawo izi (monga monoterpenes) kuchokera m'masamba obisala ndi phula pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zosasunthika m'nthaka [4]; mizu ya zomera imatha kutulutsa chiwopsezo chobwera chifukwa cha udzu komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka [5]; zigawozi mu zinyalala zomera zimatulutsidwanso mu nthaka yozungulira [6]. Pakalipano, mafuta osasinthika akhala akufufuzidwa kwambiri kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito posamalira udzu ndi tizilombo [7,8,9,10,11]. Amapezeka kuti amachitapo kanthu pofalitsa mpweya wawo mumlengalenga ndikusintha kukhala mayiko ena kulowa kapena kumtunda [3,12], yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri poletsa kukula kwa mbewu pochita zinthu mogwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ndi kusintha dera la zomera ndi udzu [13]. Kafukufuku wambiri akuwonetsa kuti allelopathy ikhoza kuthandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwamphamvu kwa mitundu ya zomera m'chilengedwe [14,15,16]. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yayikulu ya zomera imatha kuonedwa ngati magwero a allelochemicals.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, zotsatira za allelopathic ndi allelochemicals pang'onopang'ono zalandira chidwi chochulukirapo kuchokera kwa ochita kafukufuku kuti adziwe zolowa m'malo mwamankhwala opangira herbicides [17,18,19,20]. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwaulimi, mankhwala ophera udzu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poletsa kukula kwa udzu. Komabe, kugwiritsira ntchito mosasankha mankhwala ophera udzu kwachititsa kuti pakhale mavuto ochuluka okana udzu, kuwoola kwapang’onopang’ono kwa nthaka, ndi kuopsa kwa thanzi la anthu [21]. Mankhwala achilengedwe a allelopathic ochokera ku zomera angapereke mwayi wochuluka wopangira mankhwala atsopano ophera udzu, kapena monga mankhwala otsogolera pozindikira mankhwala ophera udzu atsopano opangidwa ndi chilengedwe [17,22].

Amomum villosum Lour. ndi chomera chosatha cha herbaceous m'banja la ginger, chomwe chimakula mpaka kutalika kwa 1.2-3.0 m mumthunzi wamitengo. Imagawidwa kwambiri ku South China, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, ndi madera ena aku Southeast Asia. Chipatso chouma cha A. villosum ndi mtundu wa zokometsera wamba chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kokongola [23] ndipo akuimira mankhwala azitsamba odziwika bwino ku China, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda a m’mimba. Kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti mafuta osasinthasintha omwe ali ndi A. villosum ndi mankhwala akuluakulu komanso zosakaniza zonunkhira [24,25,26,27]. Ofufuza adapeza kuti mafuta ofunikira a A. villosum amawonetsa kukhudzana ndi tizilombo Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) ndi Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius), komanso kawopsedwe amphamvu a fumigant motsutsana ndi T. castaneum [28]. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, A. villosum imawononga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera, biomass, litterfall ndi nthaka yopatsa thanzi ya nkhalango zoyambirira zamvula [29]. Komabe, gawo lachilengedwe la mafuta osakhazikika komanso mankhwala a allelopathic sizikudziwikabe. Kutengera maphunziro am'mbuyomu amafuta ofunikira a A. villosum [30,31,32], cholinga chathu ndikufufuza ngati A. villosum imatulutsa mankhwala okhala ndi allelopathic mumpweya ndi dothi kuti zithandizire kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wake. Choncho, tikukonzekera: (i) kusanthula ndi kuyerekezera zigawo za mankhwala a mafuta osasunthika kuchokera ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za A. villosum; (ii) fufuzani allelopathy ya mafuta osasinthika omwe amachotsedwa ndi mankhwala osakanikirana kuchokera ku A. villosum, ndiyeno azindikire mankhwala omwe anali ndi zotsatira za allelopathic pa Lactuca sativa L. ndi Lolium perenne L.; ndi (iii) fufuzani poyamba zotsatira za mafuta ochokera ku A. villosum pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka.